Difference between revisions of "Vopak"

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     | data6 = Unknown
     | data6 = Unknown
     | title =  
     | title =  
    | label7= NCI assessment
    | data7 = Very low
     | title =  
     | title =  
     | label7= Total Revenue  
     | label8= Total Revenue  
     | data7 = 1.25 billion EUR (2020)
     | data8 = 1.25 billion EUR (2020)
     | label8= Stock Exchange   
     | label9= Stock Exchange   
     | data8 = Euronext Amsterdam
     | data9 = Euronext Amsterdam
     | label9= Key People
     | label10= Key People
     | data9 = {{plainlist|
     | data10 = {{plainlist|
* Eelco Hoekstra, CEO
* Eelco Hoekstra, CEO
* Gerard Paulides, CFO
* Gerard Paulides, CFO
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}}
}}
     | title =
     | title =
     | label10= Number of Employees
     | label11= Number of Employees
     | data10 = 5669
     | data11 = 5669
     | label11= Subsidiaries
     | label12= Subsidiaries
     | data11 = {{plainlist|
     | data12 = {{plainlist|
* 27 joint ventures
* 27 joint ventures
* 8 associates <ref>https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 158</ref>  
* 8 associates <ref>https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 158</ref>  
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=== Board of Directors ===
=== Board of Directors ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Executive Board <ref>https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 108</ref>
|+Executive Board <ref>https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202021__.pdf p. 137</ref>
!Name
!Name
!Function
!Function
Line 77: Line 79:
|Eelco Hoekstra
|Eelco Hoekstra
|Chief Executive Officer  
|Chief Executive Officer  
|2220
|2339
|-
|-
|Gerard Paulides
|Gerard Paulides
|Chief Finanacial Officer  
|Chief Finanacial Officer  
|1574
|1639
|-
|-
|Frits Eulderink
|Frits Eulderink
|Chief Operations Officer
|Chief Operations Officer
|1461
|1563
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 114: Line 116:
=== Supervisory Board===
=== Supervisory Board===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Supervisory Board <ref>https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 109</ref>
|+Supervisory Board <ref>https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202021__.pdf p141</ref>
!Name
!Name
!Function
!Function
Line 129: Line 131:
|Nicoletta Giadrossi
|Nicoletta Giadrossi
|Member
|Member
|77
|82.5
|-
|-
|Ben van der Veer
|Ben van der Veer
Line 139: Line 141:
|80.5
|80.5
|-
|-
|Rien Zwitserloot
|Richard Hookway
|Member
|Member
|75
|81.5
|-
|-
|}
|}


=== Accountant ===
=== Accountant ===
Vopak’s external accountant is Deloitte. <ref>https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 223</ref>
Vopak’s external accountant is Deloitte. <ref>Vopak. (2022). Annual Report 2021. p. 278 Retrieved from https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202021__%20%283%29.pdf</ref> Climate-related risks was mentioned shortly in the latest independent auditor report as part of the key audit matter on impairment testing of terminal assests, joint venture and associates. Furthermore, Deloitte provides an assurance report with respect to the 2021 sustainability information of Vopak. Deloitte believes that the information presents a reliable and adequate view of "''the policy and business operations with regard to sustainability; and the thereto related events and achievements for the year 2021 in accordance with the reporting criteria as included in the section ‘Reporting Criteria''’".<ref name=":0">Vopak. (2022). Annual report 2021. Page 279. Retrieved from <nowiki>https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202021__%20%283%29.pdf</nowiki></ref> They "''do not provide any assurance on the assumptions and achievability of prospective information in the sustainability information''".<ref name=":0" />  


=== Main Activities ===
=== Main Activities ===
Line 154: Line 156:
Vopak’s precursors VOC and Pakhoed received royal status in respectively 1989 and 1991. Although it was uncommon for merger companies to keep their royal status, Vopak was allowed to keep it after 1999. <ref>https://www.vopak.nl/onze-historie?language_content_entity=nl</ref> Vopak has not received NOW support during corona times. <ref>https://www.uwv.nl/overuwv/Images/uwv-register-now-vijfde-aanvraagperiode.pdf</ref> There is no evidence of a direct (financial) relationship between the Dutch state and Vopak. However the GATE terminal in Rotterdam is exploited by a joint cooperation of Vopak and Gasunie, and also came to existance through an investment of both companies and was opened by Queen Beatrix in 2008. Gasunie is fully  owned by the Dutch state. <ref>https://www.vopak.com/newsroom/news/gasunie-and-vopak-set-gate-terminal-bv?language_content_entity=en</ref> The Dutch government does have the possibility to influence Vopak through the environmental laws in place. For specific locations, Vopak makes public whenever a breach or incident regarding environmental laws has occured <ref>https://www.vopak.nl/rest-van-nederland-bedrijfsmeldingen?language_content_entity=nl</ref>
Vopak’s precursors VOC and Pakhoed received royal status in respectively 1989 and 1991. Although it was uncommon for merger companies to keep their royal status, Vopak was allowed to keep it after 1999. <ref>https://www.vopak.nl/onze-historie?language_content_entity=nl</ref> Vopak has not received NOW support during corona times. <ref>https://www.uwv.nl/overuwv/Images/uwv-register-now-vijfde-aanvraagperiode.pdf</ref> There is no evidence of a direct (financial) relationship between the Dutch state and Vopak. However the GATE terminal in Rotterdam is exploited by a joint cooperation of Vopak and Gasunie, and also came to existance through an investment of both companies and was opened by Queen Beatrix in 2008. Gasunie is fully  owned by the Dutch state. <ref>https://www.vopak.com/newsroom/news/gasunie-and-vopak-set-gate-terminal-bv?language_content_entity=en</ref> The Dutch government does have the possibility to influence Vopak through the environmental laws in place. For specific locations, Vopak makes public whenever a breach or incident regarding environmental laws has occured <ref>https://www.vopak.nl/rest-van-nederland-bedrijfsmeldingen?language_content_entity=nl</ref>


== Paris Agreement untill Today ==
== Paris Agreement until Today ==


Since the climate accord of 2015, no progression has been booked in total emissions nor in emission intensity. <ref>https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 78</ref>
Since the climate accord of 2015, no progression has been booked in total emissions nor in emission intensity. <ref>https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 78</ref>
Line 203: Line 205:
|150.5 million EUR <ref>https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202021.pdf p. 267</ref>
|150.5 million EUR <ref>https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202021.pdf p. 267</ref>
|}
|}
====Scandals and controversies====
Any dirt on the companies can be added here.


== Current Policies and Emissions ==
== Current Policies and Emissions ==
In 2020, according to its own reports Vopak’s scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas emissions totaled 0.44 megatonnes, up 9% from 2019 due to the changes in the portfolio. Both emission intensity per storage capacity as well as per revenu has gone up as well. <ref>https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 79</ref> Vopak has the ambition to be climate neutral by 2050. <ref>https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 32</ref> There is no reports for the scope 3 emission. Vopak plans to include scope 3 emissions from construction sites in their reports by 2021.<ref>https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 79</ref>
In 2021, according to its own reports Vopak’s scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas emissions totaled 0.58 megatonnes. Both emission intensity per storage capacity as well as per revenu has gone up as well. <ref>https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 79</ref> Vopak has the ambition to be climate neutral by 2050. <ref>https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 32</ref> There is no reports for the scope 3 emission. Vopak plans to include scope 3 emissions from construction sites in their reports by 2021.<ref>https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 79</ref>


Despite the ambitions, Vopak denies reporting their scope 3 emissions. Vopak claims their scope 3 emissions are limited, as they are not the owner of the product they store or transport. It seems very unlikely that none of the emissions of the products stored or transported can be attributed to the company that stores the product.  
Despite the ambitions, Vopak denies reporting their scope 3 emissions. Vopak claims their scope 3 emissions are limited, as they are not the owner of the product they store or transport. It seems very unlikely that none of the emissions of the products stored or transported can be attributed to the company that stores the product.  
Line 271: Line 270:


Vopak plans to develop its business in support of the Paris climate goals. <ref>https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 89</ref> In the annual report over 2021 for the first time Vopak has defined a climate goal for 2030. Vopak's target for 2030 is to reduce emissions by 30% in comparison to 2021. The ambition for 2050 is climate neutrality <ref>https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202021.pdf p. 85</ref> However, plans to back up these targets are not found in the annual report or on the website. The limited reporting of scope 3 emissions gives plans like this less value.  
Vopak plans to develop its business in support of the Paris climate goals. <ref>https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 89</ref> In the annual report over 2021 for the first time Vopak has defined a climate goal for 2030. Vopak's target for 2030 is to reduce emissions by 30% in comparison to 2021. The ambition for 2050 is climate neutrality <ref>https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202021.pdf p. 85</ref> However, plans to back up these targets are not found in the annual report or on the website. The limited reporting of scope 3 emissions gives plans like this less value.  
=== NewClimate Institute (NCI) Report ===
== Due Diligence ==


=== Due Diligence ===  
=== Due Diligence ===  
Keep the broader context in mind. Is the company integer when it comes to deforestation, palm oil, biodiversity, human rights etc etc? Be critical in the sources used here.
Keep the broader context in mind. Is the company integer when it comes to deforestation, palm oil, biodiversity, human rights etc etc? Be critical in the sources used here.
===Scandals and controversies===
Energy sector services provider Dialog Group faced a lawsuit from a property investment firm in 2019.<ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vopak-lawsuit-idUSKCN1S61TA</ref> The investment firm, Teguh Kemajuan Sdn Bhd was claiming 1.35 billion USD from Dialog and its joint venture partners, including Vopak. The company is seeking compensation for profits it allegedly lost because some of its land was compulsorily purchased by the State Government of Johor, which is also a participant in the Dialog joint venture. Vopak responded to this stating that they believe the claim is groundless. Vopak’s shares in Amsterdam slipped as much as 4.5 percent to their lowest in four months on the news of the legal action.
Around 50 percent of the fuels imported to West Africa come from Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Antwerp. Trade statistics show 80 percent of the diesel exported from these three cities to Africa has sulphur content at least 100 times above the European standard.<ref>https://www.publiceye.ch/fileadmin/doc/Rohstoffe/2016_PublicEye_Dirty_Diesel_Report.pdf</ref> Mercuria Energy Group has confirmed that it has bought gasoline in Amsterdam directly from a local refiner at its Vopak terminal. As Vopak's terminals are used to store and spread this diesel, they carry part of the responsibility to create stricter fuel standards.


== Conclusion ==
== Conclusion ==

Latest revision as of 09:47, 27 July 2022

Koninklijke Vopak N.V.
Bedrijf Logo
Quick Facts
TypePublic
sectorStorage
Headquarters (Benelux Organization)Amsterdam, Netherlands
Year of Origin1999
Emissions (All Scopes)Unknown
NCI assessmentVery low
Total Revenue1.25 billion EUR (2020)
Stock ExchangeEuronext Amsterdam
Key People
  • Eelco Hoekstra, CEO
  • Gerard Paulides, CFO
  • Frits Eulderink, COO
Number of Employees5669
Subsidiaries
  • 27 joint ventures
  • 8 associates [1]
  • Over 50 subsidiaries [2]

Koninklijke Vopak N.V., stylized as Vopak, was founded in 1999 by merger of Pakhoed and Van Ommeren to Vopak. Vopak’s precursors have existed since 1616. Originally focusing on colonial goods like spices and tea. [3] Vopak is currently the world’s leading independent tank storage company. Vopak has 73 terminals, is active in 23 countries and employs 5669 people. [4] Vopak stores and handles Chemicals, Gas, Oil products and vegoils and biofuels. [5] As service provider, Vopak does not own the products it stores. Vopak is headquartered in Amsterdam. Vopak shares are listed on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange. [6] In 2021, Vopak’s revenue was 1.23 billion euro’s. [7] Vopak’s net profit was 243.2 million euro. [8] Vopak’s effective tax rate was 15.7%. [9]

Company Structure

Vopak is headquartered in Amsterdam. Vopak shares are listed on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange. [10] Vopak is originally a Dutch company and therefore headquartered in the Netherlands. Vopak has 27 joint ventures and 8 associates. [11] Vopak has over 50 subsidiaries. [12] Vopak employs a two-tier structure where the Executive board leads the global divisions and is overseen by a supervisory board. [13]

Board of Directors

Executive Board [14]
Name Function Remuneration x1000 EUR
Eelco Hoekstra Chief Executive Officer 2339
Gerard Paulides Chief Finanacial Officer 1639
Frits Eulderink Chief Operations Officer 1563

Global team of directors

Global team of directors [15]
Name Function
Patrick van der Voort President Europe & Africa
Michiel Gilsing President Asia & Middle East
Yan Chen President China & North Asia
Chris Robblee President Americas
Kees van Seventer President LNG

Supervisory Board

Supervisory Board [16]
Name Function Remuneration x1000 EUR
Ben Nooteboom Chairman 111.5
Mel Groot Vice-chairman 78.5
Nicoletta Giadrossi Member 82.5
Ben van der Veer Member 80
Lucrere Foufopoulos - De Ridder Member 80.5
Richard Hookway Member 81.5

Accountant

Vopak’s external accountant is Deloitte. [17] Climate-related risks was mentioned shortly in the latest independent auditor report as part of the key audit matter on impairment testing of terminal assests, joint venture and associates. Furthermore, Deloitte provides an assurance report with respect to the 2021 sustainability information of Vopak. Deloitte believes that the information presents a reliable and adequate view of "the policy and business operations with regard to sustainability; and the thereto related events and achievements for the year 2021 in accordance with the reporting criteria as included in the section ‘Reporting Criteria’".[18] They "do not provide any assurance on the assumptions and achievability of prospective information in the sustainability information".[18]

Main Activities

Vopak is currently the world’s leading independent tank storage company. [19] Vopak stores and handles Chemicals, Gas, Oil products and vegoils and biofuels [20] As service provider, Vopak never owns the products it stores. [21]

Government

Vopak’s precursors VOC and Pakhoed received royal status in respectively 1989 and 1991. Although it was uncommon for merger companies to keep their royal status, Vopak was allowed to keep it after 1999. [22] Vopak has not received NOW support during corona times. [23] There is no evidence of a direct (financial) relationship between the Dutch state and Vopak. However the GATE terminal in Rotterdam is exploited by a joint cooperation of Vopak and Gasunie, and also came to existance through an investment of both companies and was opened by Queen Beatrix in 2008. Gasunie is fully owned by the Dutch state. [24] The Dutch government does have the possibility to influence Vopak through the environmental laws in place. For specific locations, Vopak makes public whenever a breach or incident regarding environmental laws has occured [25]

Paris Agreement until Today

Since the climate accord of 2015, no progression has been booked in total emissions nor in emission intensity. [26]

Financial Results since 2015

This table shows the financial situation of Vopak since 2015.

Financial situation
Year Revenue Profit Dividend
2015 [27] 1.39 billion EUR 549.2 million EUR 118.1 million EUR [28]
2016 [29] 1.34 billion EUR 759.3 million EUR 127.5 million EUR [30]
2017 [31] 1.3 billion EUR 422.5 million EUR 133.9 million EUR [32]
2018 [33] 1.25 billion EUR 481.7 million EUR 134 million EUR [34]
2019 [35] 1.25 billion EUR 747.8 million EUR 140.5 million EUR [36]
2020 [37] 1.19 billion EUR 489.9 million EUR 146.1 million EUR [38]
2021 [39] 1.22 billion EUR 409.7 million EUR 150.5 million EUR [40]

Current Policies and Emissions

In 2021, according to its own reports Vopak’s scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas emissions totaled 0.58 megatonnes. Both emission intensity per storage capacity as well as per revenu has gone up as well. [41] Vopak has the ambition to be climate neutral by 2050. [42] There is no reports for the scope 3 emission. Vopak plans to include scope 3 emissions from construction sites in their reports by 2021.[43]

Despite the ambitions, Vopak denies reporting their scope 3 emissions. Vopak claims their scope 3 emissions are limited, as they are not the owner of the product they store or transport. It seems very unlikely that none of the emissions of the products stored or transported can be attributed to the company that stores the product.

Total emissions of CO2 (in megatonnes)
Year Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 3
2015 [44] 0.19 0.26 No report
2016 [45] 0.19 0.24 No report
2017 [46] 0.17 0.24 No report
2018 [47] 0.17 0.25 No report
2019 [48] 0.15 0.25 No report
2020 [49] 0.2 0.24 No report
2021 [50] 0.35 0.23 No report

Climate Plans and Policies

Vopak’s written ambition is to be the sustainability leader in its industry and live up to its purpose: storing vital products with care. [51]

Vopak claims to go beyond legally required minimum standards in many occasions. Vopak uses the American Petroleum Institute’s recommended practice for the refinery and petrochemical industries as their environmental management process. [52] Vopak has the ambition to be climate neutral by 2050. [53]

Vopak has defined seven lines of action to play its role in the energy transition:

  • Switching to cleaner and/or renewable fuels
  • Energy efficiency through smarter process operations
  • Minimize commercial incentives to increase our carbon footprint
  • Develop and use renewable energy
  • For new terminals, heating and vapor treatment equipment should be based on carbon neutral technology where possible
  • Introduce internal carbon pricing in investment proposals
  • Carbon capture, storage and reuse of Scope 1 emissions

Vopak plans to develop its business in support of the Paris climate goals. [54] In the annual report over 2021 for the first time Vopak has defined a climate goal for 2030. Vopak's target for 2030 is to reduce emissions by 30% in comparison to 2021. The ambition for 2050 is climate neutrality [55] However, plans to back up these targets are not found in the annual report or on the website. The limited reporting of scope 3 emissions gives plans like this less value.

NewClimate Institute (NCI) Report

Due Diligence

Due Diligence

Keep the broader context in mind. Is the company integer when it comes to deforestation, palm oil, biodiversity, human rights etc etc? Be critical in the sources used here.

Scandals and controversies

Energy sector services provider Dialog Group faced a lawsuit from a property investment firm in 2019.[56] The investment firm, Teguh Kemajuan Sdn Bhd was claiming 1.35 billion USD from Dialog and its joint venture partners, including Vopak. The company is seeking compensation for profits it allegedly lost because some of its land was compulsorily purchased by the State Government of Johor, which is also a participant in the Dialog joint venture. Vopak responded to this stating that they believe the claim is groundless. Vopak’s shares in Amsterdam slipped as much as 4.5 percent to their lowest in four months on the news of the legal action.


Around 50 percent of the fuels imported to West Africa come from Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Antwerp. Trade statistics show 80 percent of the diesel exported from these three cities to Africa has sulphur content at least 100 times above the European standard.[57] Mercuria Energy Group has confirmed that it has bought gasoline in Amsterdam directly from a local refiner at its Vopak terminal. As Vopak's terminals are used to store and spread this diesel, they carry part of the responsibility to create stricter fuel standards.

Conclusion

Vopak is a major player in its field and its active worldwide. Vopak has ambitious ambitions with regard to sustainability, but in the years since the Paris Agreement hasn’t made progress on these ambititons. This reduces credibility. Vopak strives to be climate neutral in 2050 and has the ambition to reduce emissions in 2030 by 30% in comparison to 2021. Vopak defined seven lines of actions to get there, but no foundation to these lines of actions are provided, so far. There are no plans (yet) to back up this ambition. A major issue with regard to its climate plans is, however, that Vopak currently does not include its scope 3 emissions in its reporting. There is a lot to gain for Vopak to get in line with the Paris Agreement of 2015.

References

  1. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 158
  2. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf
  3. ↑ https://www.vopak.nl/onze-historie?language_content_entity=nl
  4. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202021__.pdf p5
  5. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 29
  6. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 29
  7. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202021__.pdf p34
  8. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202021__.pdf p179
  9. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202021__.pdf p45
  10. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 29
  11. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 158
  12. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 206
  13. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 29
  14. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202021__.pdf p. 137
  15. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/who-we-are/global-directors
  16. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202021__.pdf p141
  17. ↑ Vopak. (2022). Annual Report 2021. p. 278 Retrieved from https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202021__%20%283%29.pdf
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Vopak. (2022). Annual report 2021. Page 279. Retrieved from https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202021__%20%283%29.pdf
  19. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 4
  20. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 29
  21. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 29
  22. ↑ https://www.vopak.nl/onze-historie?language_content_entity=nl
  23. ↑ https://www.uwv.nl/overuwv/Images/uwv-register-now-vijfde-aanvraagperiode.pdf
  24. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/newsroom/news/gasunie-and-vopak-set-gate-terminal-bv?language_content_entity=en
  25. ↑ https://www.vopak.nl/rest-van-nederland-bedrijfsmeldingen?language_content_entity=nl
  26. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 78
  27. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/royal_vopak_ar_2015_ipdfb_0.pdf p. 9
  28. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/royal_vopak_ar_2015_ipdfb_0.pdf p. 201
  29. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/royal_vopak_annual_report_2016.pdf p. 7
  30. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/royal_vopak_annual_report_2016.pdf p. 201
  31. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/royal_vopak_annual_report_2017.pdfp. 7
  32. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/royal_vopak_annual_report_2017.pdf p. 219
  33. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/royal_vopak_annual_report_2018_1.pdf p. 7
  34. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/royal_vopak_annual_report_2018_1.pdf p. 210
  35. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/vopak_annual_report_2019.pdf p. 28
  36. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/vopak_annual_report_2019.pdf p. 199
  37. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 34
  38. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 211
  39. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202021.pdf p. 35
  40. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202021.pdf p. 267
  41. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 79
  42. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 32
  43. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 79
  44. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/royal_vopak_ar_2015_ipdfb_0.pdf p. 71
  45. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/royal_vopak_annual_report_2016.pdf p. 76
  46. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/royal_vopak_annual_report_2017.pdf
  47. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/royal_vopak_annual_report_2018_1.pdf p. 64
  48. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/vopak_annual_report_2019.pdf p. 58
  49. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak Annual Report 2020_0.pdf p. 65
  50. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak Annual Report 2021.pdf p. 85
  51. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 19
  52. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/sustainability
  53. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 32
  54. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202020_0.pdf p. 89
  55. ↑ https://www.vopak.com/system/files/Vopak%20Annual%20Report%202021.pdf p. 85
  56. ↑ https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vopak-lawsuit-idUSKCN1S61TA
  57. ↑ https://www.publiceye.ch/fileadmin/doc/Rohstoffe/2016_PublicEye_Dirty_Diesel_Report.pdf
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