Dow Chemical

Dow Chemical Benelux
Quick Facts
Type	Public
sector	Chemical Industries
Headquarters (Benelux Organization)	Terneuzen, Netherlands
Year of Origin	1955
Emissions (All Scopes)	108 Megatons of CO2 (2020) (Dow Inc.)
Total Revenue	38.54 billion USD (2020)
Stock Exchange	New York
Key People	Anton van Beek(President-director Benelux) Jim Fitterling(CEO & Chairman Dow Inc.)
Number of Employees	4,000 (Benelux)
Subsidiaries	Dow Inc. consists of 400 subsidiaries

Dow Inc (International)

Dow inc, was founded in 1897 by H.H Dow an electrochemical pioneer. Dow Chemicals manufactures plastics, chemicals, and agricultural products. The company has 36,500 employees and 109 manufacturing sites in 31 different countries. The headquarters are located in Michigan, United States. In 2020, Dow chemical reported a net income of 1.3 billion USD.

Dow Chemical (Benelux)

Dow Chemical Benelux styled as Dow Chemical, is part of Dow Inc. Dow has been active in the Benelux since 1955. In 1961 Dow purchased a manufacturing site in Terneuzen, The Netherlands. Now Dow Chemical Benelux is located in eight major locations in the Netherlands (Terneuzen, Delfzijl and Dordrecht) and Belgium (Antwerp, Brussels, Tertre, Zwijndrecht and since 2016, Seneffe). With 16 factories, Dow Terneuzen is Dow’s second-largest manufacturing site in the world. Besides this, Terneuzen is also the central point for supporting Dow services in Europe, the Middle East, Africa and India. Dow Benelux overall has approximately 4000 employees, of which 3550 employees work at the location in Terneuzen. The Value Park, located at the Terneuzen site, covers 140 hectares and is targeted at companies working in the chemical industries. The park is located at a convient location as it is directed to railroads, the road network, and international waterways. Futhermore, the park is located to the Dow pipeline that extents from Terneuzen to Antwerp (220km). This pipeline transports ethylene, naphtha and propylene. The size and importance of Dow Benelux to Dow Inc. shows that they are a key player in their field.

Company Structure

Dow Inc. works with two boards, the leadership team and the board of directors. The leadership team is focused on the day-to-day business such as creating strong and balanced growth for their stakeholders. The board of directors focuses on the broad corporate policy and the overall performance of the company through oversight of management and stewardship of the company. The board appoints the company’s officers and assigns to them responsibilities for the management of the company’s operations.

There is no information available on the structure of the leadership at Dow Chemical. What is known is that Anton van Beek is the president-director of Dow Chemical and that Neil Carr is the president of the operations in Europe.

Leadership Team

Dow Chemical Leadership Team of 2020

Name	Function	Remuneration x1000USD
Jim Fitterling	Chief Executive Officer & Chairman	22211
Howard Ungerleider	President and CFO	8475
Jack Broodo	President, Feedstocks & Energy	Unknown
Neil Carr	President, Europe, Middle East, Africa, and India	Unknown
Karen S. Carter	Chief HR and Chief Inclusion Officer	Unknown
Diego Donoso	President Packaging & Specialty Plastics	Unknown
Mauro Gregorio	President, Performance Materials & Coatings	Unknown
Melanie Kalmar	Corporate VP Chief Information Officer & Chief Digital Officer	Unknown
Torsten Kraef	Senior VP, Corporate Development	Unknown
Jane Palmieri	President, Industrial Intermediates & Infrastructures; Asia Pacific Oversight	Unknown
John Sampson	Senior VP, Operations, Manufacturing and Engineering	Unknown
A.N. Sreeram	Senior VP, Research & Development and Chief Technology Officer	5185
Amy E. Wilson	General Counsel and Corporate Secretary	5729

The remuneration is from 2020 and includes i) Salary, ii) Stock Awards, iii) Option Awards, iv) Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation, v) Change in pension value, vi) Other (Travel Expenses, Tax reimbursements, etc.).

Board of Directors

Dow Chemical Board of Directors Team 2020

Name	Function	Remuneration x1000USD
Jim Fitterling	Chief Executive Officer & Chairman	22211
Jeff M. Fettig	Lead Director Dow Inc.	418
Samuel R. Allen	Former Chairman and CEO, Deere & Company	325
Ajay Banga	Executive Chairman, Mastercard Inc.	310
Guardie Banister Jr.	Former President and CEO, Aera Energy LLC	185
Jacqueline K. Barton	John G. Kirkwood and Arthur A. Noyes Professor of Chemistry	330
James A. Bell	Former Executive VP, Corporate President and CFO, The Boeing Company	342
Wesley G. Bush	Former Chairman and CEO Northrop Grumman Corporation	310
Richard k. Davis	President and CEO Make-A-Wish America	310
Jacquiline C. Hinman	Former Chairman, President and CEO CH2M HILL	310
Jill S. Wyant	Executive VP of Innovation and Transformation Ecolab Inc.	278
Daniel W. Yohannes	Former U.S. Ambassador to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development	310

The remuneration is of 2020 and includes; Fees earned and stock awards.

Accountant

The independent Auditors of Dow Chemical are Deloitte & Touche LLP (Deloitte). They have been the auditors since 1905.

Main Activities

Dow Chemical is active in the chemical sector with products like polystyrene, polyurethane, polyethylene, and polypropylene. These products are used in many different markets such as agriculture, healthcare, and packaging.

Government

Dow Chemical does not have royal status. Dow Chemical has not received NOW support from the Dutch government.

Paris Agreement until Today

Dow Inc. accepts the scientific consensus that climate change caused by increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activity has serious consequences for the planet and society if left unaddressed. Furthermore, Dow Inc. supports the Paris agreement and is committed to achieve the goal of keeping global temperature rise well below 2°C, and to pursue efforts to limit the increase to 1.5°C.

Dow Inc. created a set of sustainability goals to reach by 2025. In its latest ESG report, the company provided an update on these goals in relation to the progress made by 2020.

Goal 1: Leading the Blueprint. With this goal, Dow Inc aims to cultivate a societal mindset shift on the value and necessity of incorporating diverse perspectives and collaborations to address global challenges. Dow Inc measures this goal through the creation and implementation of the company's Blueprint Thinking Toolkit and through sharing blueprints. In 2020 Dow Inc's Blueprint thinking work and the toolkit were shortlisted in the Think Global Forum's award.

Goal 2: Delivering Breakthrough Innovations. This goal focuses on the well-being of humanity and the environment based on the life-cycle of Dow Inc's products. Each Dow business has its own business-specific product sustainability goals. These goals are tracked using the Sustainable Chemistry Index (SCI) survey. This survey showed that, in 2020, 48% of sales were from products that address world challenges.

Goal 3: Advancing a Circular Economy. In 2020, Dow announced that the company will focus on: designing materials for a circular economy, stopping waste and closing the loop on materials in the company's operations, enabling others to advance the circular economy, and scaling business models to keep materials in play.

Goal 4: Valuing Nature. In 2020, Dow Inc realized $100 million in business value towards this goal. Since the launch of this goal, Dow Inc has realized $530 million in business value through projects that are better for business and better for nature.

Goal 5: Safe material for a sustainable planet. In 2020, Dow announced a sustainable alternative ECOSURF EH. This product offers a reduction in aquatic toxicity and reduces potential eco-toxicity over a lifetime. This product allows Dow Inc to create more sustainable formulations for cleaning, coating, and agriculture products.

Goal 6: Engaging for impact. Target, by 2025 Dow inc. employees and partners worldwide will apply their resources to help build sustainable and resilient communities. In 2020, the Employee Experience score was 8 percentage points higher for Dow employees who volunteered vs. those who did not.

Goal 7: World-leading operations (WLO) performance. Dow Inc uses the WLO to track its performance in natural resource efficiency, environment, and health and safety. In 2020, Dow Inc increased its total worker health index by 10 percentage points over 2019.

Financial Results since 2015

Financial situation Dow Inc

Year	Revenue	Profit	Dividend
2015	48.8 billion USD	7.4 billion USD	1.91 billion USD
2016	48.2 billion USD	3.9 billion USD	2.04 billion USD
2017	62.5 billion USD	1.5 billion USD	3.40 billion USD
2018	XXX billion USD	XXX billion USD	XXX billion USD
2019	42.9 billion USD	XXX billion USD	XXX billion USD
2020	38.5 billion USD	1.4 billion USD	XXX USD
2021	XXX billion USD	XXX billion USD	XXX billion USD

Scandals and controversies

Terneuzen

In 2014, the court in Middleburg gave Dow Benelux BV in Terneuzen a 1.8 million euro fine. Originally 5 million euros were demanded of the company due to various environmental crimes between 2005 and 2008. The crimes were in relation to chemical leaks at the manufacturing sites in Terneuzen. The court could not conclude that there was a lack of safety protocols at Dow Benelux, but could say that the safety protocols were not enforced strictly enough. Therefore, the court demanded 1,8 million euros instead of 5 million.

One of these incidents was in 2005 when a tank with benzene flooded. Another example was in 2006 when benzene was leaking from the pipelines for multiple days. Even though Dow Chemical did hire companies to repair this leak it did not close down the manufacturing site, putting its employees at risk of explosion.

Groningen

In 2011, at one of the daughter companies of Dow Chemicals, Farmsun in Groningen, a fault in loading Sodium off of a train wagon caused for a fire. While off-loading the Sodium off the train wagon several hundred kilos of sodium fell on the ground and caught fire. After several explosions in the building next to the train, the fire department was able to put out the fire. The fire caused for a lot of smoke in the surrounding neighborhoods, the fire department recommended that people keep their windows and doors closed, and to stay inside.

Current Emissions

Total emissions 108 Megatons of CO2 (2020)

Scope 1	Scope 2	Scope 3
28.2 Megatonnes of CO2 (2020)	11.46 Megatonnes of CO2 (2020)	69.257 Megatonnes of CO2 (2020)

Scope 1 and 2

For the Dow Inc. GHG emissions report, scope 1 includes Kyoto Protocol greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6),and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) as well as any non-Kyoto greenhouse gases emitted. Scope 2 includes carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2 O). Reported scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions showed little change from 2018.

GHG Emissions (megatons of CO2e)

GHG Emissions	2018	2019	2020
Scope 1 GHG Emissions	28.4	27.2	28.2
Scope 2 GHG Emissions - Market-Based	6.66	6.07	6.56
Scope 2 GHG Emissions - Location-Based	7.6	5.2	4.9
Scope 1 + Scope 2 GHG Emissions	35.06	33.27	34.76

Scope 3

Scope 3 emissions are defined by the GHG Protocol as indirect emissions from value chain activities. Estimates include all or a subset of Kyoto GHGs [carbon dioxide (CO2 ), methane (CH4 ), nitrous oxide (N2 O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6 ), and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3 )] depending on the category and estimation methodology.

GHG Emissions (Megatons of CO2e)

GHG Emissions	2018	2019	2020
Scope 3 GHG Emissions - Total	69.163	93.943	69.257
Category 1: Purchased Goods & Services	42.841	60.053	38.166
Category 2: Capital Goods	2.590	2.776	1.760
Category 3: Fuel & Energy-Related Activities	0.863	8.270*	4.745
Category 4: Upstream Transportation & Distribution	2.158	N/A	N/A

(*)Value adjusted to reflect correction of an error since reported in the 2018/2019 Sustainability Report

Climate Policy and Plans

Dow Chemical (Benelux)

In 2020 Dow Chemical initiated a joint development agreement with Shell to develop electrified cracking technology. This technology can be powered by clean energy. Ethylene steam crackers are one of the technologies used by Dow and Shell. This technology relies on fossil fuel combustion. Using renewable electricity could help decarbonize the chemical industry. Currently projects from Shell and Amsterdam and Dow in Terneuzen are working to design and scale “e-cracker” technologies.

The overall sustainability statement of Dow Checmical is that the company is in agreement with the goals set by Dow Inc. but Dow Checmical (Benelux) does have its own sustainability targets.

Targets:

• reduce CO2 emissions from Terneuzen operations by more than 40% by 2030

• Achieve net CO2 neutrality by 2050

The company is of the opinion that "This roadmap makes Terneuzen one of the most important sites and a role model for the Company's global transition".

Dow Chemical aims to reach these goals through a three-phase plan:

Phase 1

The Terneuzen site wants to start the construction of a clean hydrogen plant where by-products from core production processes would be converted into hydrogen and CO2. The hydrogen would be used as a clean fuel in the production process. The CO2 would be captured and stored until alternative technologies develop, and Dow will also look for ways to enable usage of the CO2 in its processes rather than storing it. This hydrogen plant is expected to startup in 2026 and could allow Dow Benelux to reduce their CO2 emissions by approximately 1.4 million tons per year.

Furthermore, phase 1 would include additional investments in site infrastructure for CO2 liquefaction, air separation, hydrogen distribution and CO2 transport.

Phase 2

In the second phase, by 2030, Dow Chemical states that it will capture CO2 from its ethylene oxide plant and replace some gas turbines with electrical motor drives. These two steps together could avoid another 300.000 tons of CO2 per year.

Phase 3

In the third phase Dow Chemical aims to develop and implement additional breakthrough technologies to replace fuel usage in the production processes. An example of this is the collaboration with Shell to work on "E-Crackers" as mentioned above.

Due Diligence

According to research conducted by the Political Economy Research Institute, Dow Inc. ranks sixth on the Toxic 100 Air Rank and 2nd on the Toxic 100 Water Rank.

Conclusion

Dow Inc is one of the biggest companies in the chemical sector. With 109 manufacturing sites in 31 different countries and employing around 36.500 employees, this company has a moral responsibility to be a leader in fighting climate change.

Dow Chemical (Benelux) has set clear goals for 2030 and 2050 but the way in which these goals will be achieved is less clear. The three-phase plan, according to the company itself "one of the most important sites and a role model for the company's global transition". However, the three-phase plan lacks concrete ideas and the scope 3 emissions are not yet included at all.

These limitations with the climate goals of 2030 and 2050 make it difficult to assess if it is enough to stay within the set limits of the Paris Agreement.