ING Group
| ING Group N.V. | |
|---|---|
| File:Bijdrijfs Logo.svg | |
| Quick Facts | |
| Type | Public, shares listed on Brussels, Amsterdam and New York Stock Exchange |
| sector | Finance |
| Headquarters (Benelux Organization) | Amsterdam, Netherlands |
| Year of Origin | 1991 |
| Emissions (All Scopes) | Unknown |
| Net Income | 2,5 billion EUR (2020) |
| Key People | Steven van Rijswijk (CEO), Tanate Phutrakul (CFO) |
| Subsidiaries |
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ING Group N.V., stylized as Internationale Nederlanden Group, was founded in 1991 by merger of the Dutch insurer Nationale-Nederlanden and national postal bank NMB Postbank (ING Group, 2021). ING Group is active in the financial sector with products like savings, payments, investments, loans and mortgages as well as wholesale banking (ING Group, 2021). ING serves over 39.3 million individual customers as well as small and medium-sized businesses up to multinational corporations and financial institutions. ING is active in more than 40 countries (ING Group, 2021, p. 43). In the retail market, ING is market leader in the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg and a challenger in the German market (ING Group, 2021, pp. 60-63). ING total portfolio amounts to 887,5 billion euro’s outstandings (ING Group, 2021, p. 107). ING recorded a net result of 2,5 billion euro’s in 2020, which was a 48% decline in comparison to 2019 (ING Group, 2021, p. 6). ING is headquartered in Amsterdam, the Netherlands (ING Group, 2021). According to the Financial Stability Board and the Nederlandse Bank, ING is both nationally as well as internationally a systembank and will therefore be backed by the State in case of problems. Systembanks are deemed essential for international monetary stability (Financieel Info.nu, 2020).
The balance value of ING Group in 2020 was 937,3 million. In 2019 this was 891,7 million (ING Group, 2021, p. 5). ING is a public company with shares listed at the Brussels, Amsterdam and New York Exchange (ING Group, 2021, p. 9).
Company Structure
Share capital of ING Group consists of ordinary shares and cumulative preference shares. Currently, only ordinary shared are issued. Each share gives right to one vote. Only investor group BlackRock Inc. holds more than 3 percent of shares in ING group (ING Group, 2021, p. 8). ING’s shares are listed at the Amsterdam, Brussels and New York stock exchange. Geographically, most outstanding shares are American-owned (40 percent) with the UK following (18 percent) (ING Group, 2021, p. 9).
ING is headquartered in Amsterdam. ING is historically a Dutch company and therefore resides in the Netherlands.
ING knows 11 principal subisidiaries and one joint venture. In most countries ING is active, the local activities are carried out by a branch of the main subsidiary, ING Bank N.V. (ING Group, 2021, p. 274).
Board of Directors
ING has a two-tier board structure. The executive board and management Board Banking is resposible for day-to-day business and long term strategy and the Supervisory Board is responsible for controlling management performance and advises and challenges the Management Board (ING Group, 2021, p. 78). The executive board exists of Steven van Rijswijk (CEO) and Tanate Phutrakul (CFO). Together they made 3,52 million euro’s in 2020 (ING Group, 2021, p. 234). This is due to the CEO handover in the middle of the year. The previous CEO amounted to 1,7 million in this first half year of 2020, totalling the remuneration of the executive board in 2020 to 4,42 million. As the first half year of 2020, Steven van Rijswijk’s function was not in the executive board, part of his salary is deducted from the total sum of executive board grants (ING Group, 2021, p. 234).
The management Board Banking exists out of Pinar Abay, Aris Bogdaneris, Roel Louwhoff and Isabel Fernandez (ING Group, 2021, p. 78). The supervisory board exists of Hans Wijers, Mike Rees, Jan-Peter Balkenende, Juan Colombás, Mariana Gheorghe, Margarete Haase, Herman Hulst, Harold Naus and Herna Verhagen (ING Group, 2021, p. 79). The remuneration of the supervisory board amounted to 940 thousand euro’s in 2020. These numbers exclude the stocks granted to the board and supervisory board (ING Group, 2021, p. 239).
Accountant
The auditor of ING Group is KPMG (ING Group, 2021, p. 215). KPMG has been the auditor of ING since the financial year of 2016 (ING Group, 2021, p. 394).
Operations
ING Group is active in the financial sector with products like savings, payments, investments, loans and mortgages as well as wholesale banking. In wholesale banking ING provides specialised lending, tailored corporate finance, debt and equity market solutions, sustainable finance solutions, payments & cash management and trade and treasury services (ING Group, 2021). ING serves over 39.3 million individual customers as well as small and medium-sized businesses up to multinational corporations and financial institutions. ING does not have royal status (Koninklijk Huis, 2019). ING has not received NOW support from the Dutch government (UWV, 2021).
Paris Agreement to Today
Since the Paris Agreement in 2015, ING has strived to set a pledge to get multiple banks to steer their portfolio towards the well-below two degree goal of the Paris Agreement. This resulted in the signing of the Katowice Agreement together with four global banks. This formed the groundwork for the UN-backed collective commitment to Climate Action in 2019, signed by over 30 banks. ING and the think-tank for the financial sector ‘’2° Investing Initiative’’ published PACTA for banks. An open-source methodology to measure and monitor climate goals. In August 2021, ING joined the Net-Zeo Banking Alliance, committing to steer its portfolio towards net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. ING has published their first ‘’Terra Report’’ in 2019 and its first integrated climate report in 2021 (ING Group, 2021).
ING has decreased its exposure to thermal coal mining by more than 90 percent from 317 million in 2017 to 30 million in 2020 (ING Group, 2021, p. 6).
Current Policies and Emissions
In ING’s 2021 integrated approach to climate action, ING explicitly commits to steering their loan book towards limiting the rise in global temperatures to a maximum of 1,5 degrees, instead of the previously stated ‘’well below two degrees’’ (ING Group, 2021, p. 4).
ING’s Terra approach means to align ING’s lending portfolio with Paris Agreement goals in nine sectors most responsible for climate change (ING Group, 2021, p. 56). The report’s Climate Alignment Dashboard tracks the performance, showing the CO2 intensity per sector of ING’s portfolio compared to the market and the relevant climate scenario (ING Group, 2021, p. 56). The first Terra Report was published in 2019.
ING wants to steer 600 billion lending portfolio towards meeting below two degrees goal of Paris climate agreement (ING Group, 2021, p. 56). ING’s long-term vision is to have an energy-positive mortgage portfolio by 2050 (ING Group, 2021, p. 58).
In 2020, ING published its second Terra Progress Report that provided an update on how it steers its lending portfolio in line with the goals of the Paris Agreement for all nine sectors in scope, including quantitative results. (ING Group, 2021, p. 167) In the first integrated Climate Report (published in 2021), the latest update per sector is given on the alignment with the relevant climate scenario per sector (ING Group, 2021, p. 25).
In its Climate Alignment Dashboard, ING focusses on nine sectors. ING mainly contrasts itself to market developments and climate scenario’s like PACTA and Below two Degrees Scenario (ING Group, 2020, p. 12). For all sectors reported on, CO2 intensity is given. . For oil and gas, ING shows the absolute portfolio reduction trend in line with the relative climate scenario with our 2019 upstream portfolio as our base year for reduction. For shipping, ING shows the average alignment delta: the difference between actual and required annual efficiency ratio per vessel (ING Group, 2020). These different measures reduce comparability of emissions in hard numbers.
ING says to align itself to either PACTA or B2DS Scenario. However, in three of the nine sectors, the convergence pathway of ING is until 2050 above the B2DS Scenario or the PACTA scenario.
1. For the sector of power generation, the convergence path of ING is in line with its Net Zero Emissions reference. ING currently outperforms both the market as well as the reference scenario. However, the 2030 goal is less than half of the current emissions, mainly due tot he current strong performance (ING Group, 2021, p. 54).
2. In the upstream oil and gas sector, ING does not have reduction emission targets. For upstream oil and gas, there is a financing reduction goal of 69 percent in 2050. (ING Group, 2021, p. 55). Thermal coal mining will be completely phased out in 2025 (ING Group, 2020, p. 24).
3. ING is nearly on track to reach zero emissions in their commercial real estate portfolio by 2040. This is ten years earlier than the planned trajectory (ING Group, 2021, p. 88).
4. In the residential real estate portfolio, ING want to become energy-positive by 2050. However, their trajectory pathway until 2050 is (far) above the B2DS scenario (ING Group, 2021, p. 95).
5. In the cement portfolio, ING’s plans are in line with the B2DS scenario. However, the performance of the current portfolio is not in line with neither the convergence path nor the B2DS scenario. The 2050 target is not zero emissions nor close to it (ING Group, 2021, p. 105).
6. For the steel sector, ING has not yet decided their convergence path. In 2020, it was stated that as they expect that the decrease in average market (and ING’s steel portfolio) intensity will be slow and will not significantly change before 2030. As such, both the market and ING’s portfolio lines will likely deviate significantly from the B2DS scenario (ING Group, 2020, p. 51). The most recent numbers are in accordance with this statement (ING Group, 2021, p. 112).
7. For the automotive sector, ING’s convergence path is above the B2DS scenario until 2050. ING is however currently outperforming both the convergence path as well as the B2DS scenario (ING Group, 2021, p. 71). The ING reduction target for the automotive sector is only focused on zero tailpipe emissions (ING Group, 2020, pp. 57-60), (ING Group, 2021, p. 71). The emissions in the production process and supply chain are not reported and there are no targets relating to these emissions.
8. The climate scenario ING follows for the aviation sector has no zero targets for 2050. The B2DS scenario’s target is 20 gr. CO2/passenger KM. Until 2050, ING’s convergence pathway is above the target (ING Group, 2021, p. 75).
9. The international shipping sector is not part of the Paris Agreement. The International Maritime organization however has proposed the goal reducing total GHG emissions by at least 50% by 2050, compared to 2008. ING is committed to this ambition (ING Group, 2020). The reporting however lacks a clear target and emission numbers.
Climate Plans
ING has increased its ambition to align its lending portfolio with a net zero future by 2050 or sooner. ING will now evolve its Terra approach to steer our loan book towards keeping the rise in global temperatures to a maximum of 1.5 °C, rather than well below 2 °C (ING Group, 2021).
ING’s priorities are as follows:
- Reaching Net Zero in own operations To achieve this, an environmental programme is set up, managing scope 1 and 2 emissions and scope 3 emissions from business travel. ING has set varying targets for different years and is well on track to reach these targets (ING Group, 2021, p. 22).
- Steering portfolio towards net zero by 2050 or sooner To this end the Terra Approach is employed. The Terra Approach draws on different methodologies to measure the climate intensity of different sectors. Progress on these sectors is visible in the Climate Alignment Dashboard (ING Group, 2021, p. 24).
- Finance and advise clients in line with a net zero economy ING wants to accelerate the green economy, finance the transition, pioneer for the future and build expertise in sustainable sectors (ING Group, 2021, p. 33).
- Manage climate and environmental risks Building on different scenario’s and analysis, ING wants to identify risks and impact. Next to that, ING wants to develop a governance approach and a risk & business strategy that properly ensures management of climate risks. Both physical and economical (ING Group, 2021, p. 38).
Conclusion
The ambitions of ING are in line with the 2050 goals of the Paris Agreement. Through the different cooperations with banks and governments, ING shows its goodwill. However, their reports cover only 25 percent of all outstanding portfolio. Besides that the report show relative numbers instead of hard emissions data. This makes comparing performances difficult.
Throughout the report, ING downplays their own responsibility by referring to lacking regulatory guidelines and the possibility of ‘’portfolio leak’’ multiple times. Not setting targets on difficult to change markets is not very committed either.
Bedrijfsspecifieke Passage in 'de brief'
U heeft uw duurzaamheidsbeleid vastgelegd in het jaarverslag over 2020 en het Terra Progress Report.
Wij constateren dat u doelen stelt voor negen sectoren, welke in totaal slechts 25% van uw uitstaande portfolio beslaan. In één sector ligt het gekozen traject binnen het 2 graden scenario. In twee sectoren is het gekozen traject in lijn met 2 graden scenario, maar zijn de doelen voor 2050 onvoldoende of onvolledig. In vier sectoren zijn geen heldere reductiedoelen gesteld. In twee sectoren ligt het gekozen traject tot 2050 buiten het 2 graden scenario. Het is duidelijk dat u daarmee niet binnen een gezond pad van anderhalve graden blijft en tevens niet voldoende transparant bent.
Wij constateren dat de scope van uw doelstellingen te beperkt is, en de doelstellingen niet de volledige waardeketen omvatten. Daarnaast constateren wij dat u uw eigen verantwoordelijkheid negeert door te sterke afhankelijkheid van overheidsbeleid te claimen bij het verantwoorden van het gebrek aan doelen.
De bestaande doelen zijn duidelijk beschreven in uw plannen. Zij zijn echter volstrekt onvoldoende en niet representatief voor uw gehele portfolio. Dat is een grote tekortkoming en doet afbreuk aan de geloofwaardigheid van uw klimaatbeleid.
Daarmee draagt uw bedrijf bij aan gevaarlijke klimaatverandering en loopt u het materiële risico om mensenrechtenschendingen te veroorzaken.