Difference between revisions of "Stellantis N.V."

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====Scandals and controversies====
In 2021 FCA was fined $30 million after the company pled guilty to federal criminal charges related to corruption.<ref>https://www.wardsauto.com/industry-news/stellantis-unit-fca-fined-30-million-corruption-scandal</ref> As part of the punishment an independent monitor, Frances McLeod, will keep tabs on FCA for the next year, therefore also affecting Stellantis. FCA  corrupted United Auto Workers (UAW) leaders by giving millions of dollars in gifts and cash. One of the attorneys on the case stated that "the sentencing of FCA marks a significant milestone in this historic case". <ref>https://www.wardsauto.com/industry-news/stellantis-unit-fca-fined-30-million-corruption-scandal</ref>
An article posted by Transport & Environment showed that Stellantis ranks worst with low short-term battery electric vehicle sales. The article states that Stellantis together with other companies such as BMW, do not have ambitious phase-out targets and no clear industrial strategy.<ref>https://www.transportenvironment.org/discover/volvo-and-vw-the-only-european-carmakers-on-track-to-electrify-on-time-study/</ref>


== Current Emissions ==
== Current Emissions ==
Line 535: Line 530:


To establish its targets, Stellantis referred to the Science-Based Targets initiative (SBTi) methodology.  
To establish its targets, Stellantis referred to the Science-Based Targets initiative (SBTi) methodology.  
=== Response to Milieudefensie's Campaign ===
==== New Climate Institute (NCI) Report ====
== Due Diligence ==
===Due Diligence===
===Due Diligence===
===Scandals and controversies===
In 2021 FCA was fined $30 million after the company pled guilty to federal criminal charges related to corruption.<ref>https://www.wardsauto.com/industry-news/stellantis-unit-fca-fined-30-million-corruption-scandal</ref> As part of the punishment an independent monitor, Frances McLeod, will keep tabs on FCA for the next year, therefore also affecting Stellantis. FCA  corrupted United Auto Workers (UAW) leaders by giving millions of dollars in gifts and cash. One of the attorneys on the case stated that "the sentencing of FCA marks a significant milestone in this historic case". <ref>https://www.wardsauto.com/industry-news/stellantis-unit-fca-fined-30-million-corruption-scandal</ref>
An article posted by Transport & Environment showed that Stellantis ranks worst with low short-term battery electric vehicle sales. The article states that Stellantis together with other companies such as BMW, do not have ambitious phase-out targets and no clear industrial strategy.<ref>https://www.transportenvironment.org/discover/volvo-and-vw-the-only-european-carmakers-on-track-to-electrify-on-time-study/</ref>


== Conclusion ==
== Conclusion ==

Revision as of 13:51, 28 June 2022

Stellantis N.V.
Bedrijf Logo
Quick Facts
TypePublic
sectorAutomotive Production System
Headquarters (Benelux Organization)Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Year of Origin2021
Emissions (All Scopes)11.68 Megatons of CO2 (2020)
Total Revenue149 billion EUR (2020)
Stock ExchangeBijv. Tokio, Amsterdam
Key PeopleJohn Elkann (Chairman), Carlos Tavares (CEO), Robert Peugeot (Vice Chairman)
Number of Employees281,595
Subsidiaries
  • Comau
  • Sevel
  • VM Motori
  • PCMA
  • Teksid
  • Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën
  • FCA Bank
  • GAC Fiat Chrysler
  • IKAP
  • Tofaş

Stellantis N.V. , stylized as Stellantis is an international automotive producer. [1] The company was created in January 2021 through a merge of Peugeot S.A.(PSA) into Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.(FCA). The surviving company in the 'merger' was renamed Stellantis NV. [2] Stellantis owns 14 automotive brands (Abarth, Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Citroën, Dodge, DS Automobiles, Fiat, Jeep, Lancia, Maserati, Opel, Peugot, Ram, and Vauxhall).[3] Stellantis' headquarters are located in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. In 2021 Stellantis had a total of 281,595 employees.[4] The company has industrial operations in nearly 30 countries and consumers in more than 130 markets. [5] Revenue of Stellantis was 149.42 billion euros in 2021 of which 14 billion euros was profit [6]

With annual sales of approximately eight million vehicles, Stellantis is ranked as the fourth-largest global automaker by volume.[7] With this ranking, Stellantis is without question a key player in its industry.

Company Structure

Board of Directors

The Board of Directors is responsible for the management and strategic direction of the group. [8] After the merge in 2021 a new executive board was created. Only John Elkann and Andrea Agnelli stayed on as members.[9]

Board of Directors (2021)[10]
Name Function Remuneration x1000EUR [11]
John Elkann Chairman 7,884
Carlos Taveres CEO 19,153
Robert Peugot Vice Chairman 203
Henri de Castries Senior Independent Director 273
Andrea Agnelli Non-executive Director 226
Fiona Clare Cicconi Non-executive Director 208
Nicolas Dufroucq Non-executive Director Unkown
Ann Frances Godbehere Non-executive Director 228
Wan Ling Martello Non-executive Director 221
Jacques de Saint-Exupéry Non-executive Director 198
Kevin Scott Non-executive Director 203

Top Executive Team

Executive Team (2021)[12]
Name Function
Carlos Taveres CEO
Silvia Vernetti Global Corporate Officer
Emmanual Delay Chief Performance Officer
Yves Bonnefont Chief Software Officer
Philippe de Rovira Chief Affiliates Officer
Mark Stewart Chief Operating Officer, North America
Antonio Filosa Chief Operating Officer, South America
Carl Smiley Chief Operating Officer, India & Asia Pacific
Christophe Musy Senior Vice President, ASEAN
Maxime Picat Chief Operating Officer, Enlarged Europe
Xavier Duchemin Senior Vice President, Eurasia
Samir Cherfan Chief Operating Officer, Middle East & Africa
Grégoire Olivier Chief Operating Officer, China
Christian Meunier Brand Chief Executive Officer, Jeep
Christine Feuell Brand Chief Executive Officer, Chrysler
Timothy Kuniskis Brand Chief Executive Officer, Dodge
Mike Koval Brand Chief Executive Officer, Ram
Vincent Cobée Brand Chief Executive Officer, Citroën
Olivier Fançois Brand Chief Executive Officer, Fiat & Abarth
Uwe Hochgeschurtz Brand Chief Executive Officer, Opel & Vauxhall
Linda Jackson Brand Chief Executive Officer, Peugot
Jean-Philippe Imparato Brand Chief Executive Officer, Alfa Romeo
Béatrice Foucher Brand Chief Executive Officer, DS Automobiles
Luca Napolitano Brand Chief Executive Officer, Lancia
Davide Grasso Brand Chief Executive Officer, Maserati
Brigitte Courtehoux Brand Chief Executive Officer, Free2Move
Giacomo Carelli Chief Executive Officer, Leasys
Richard Palmer Chief Financial Officer
Xavier Chéreau Chief Human Resources & Transformation Officer
Giorgio Fossati General Counsel
Oliver Bourges Chief Planning Officer
Michelle Wen Chief Purchasing & Supply Cahin Officer
Arnaud Deboeuf Chief Manufacturing Officer
Ralph Gilles Chief Design Officer
Jean-Pierre Ploué Chief Design Officer
Harald Wester Chief Engineering Officer
Nicolas Morel Deputy Chief Engineering Officer
Ned Curic Chief Technology Officer
Thierry Koskas Chief Sales & Marketing Officer
Richard Schwarzwald Chief Customer Experience Officer
Jean-Christphe Qemard Deputy Chief Customer Experience Officer
Bertrand Blaise Chief Cummunication & CSR Officer

Accountant

The independent auditor of Stellantis is Ernst & Young Accountants LLP.[13] In the Independent Auditor Report of 2021, they state that assessment of the climate-related risks and the possible effects of the energy transition did not result in a separate key audit matter.[14] The years before that, climated-related risks are not mentioned. In 2018, however, one of the key audit matters was the US emissions investigations.[15] Beginning of 2019, settlements were reached and in the report of 2019, this was not a key audit matter anymore.[16]

Main Activities

Stellantis manufactures and markets automobiles and commercial vehicles.[17] The company also produces metallurgical products and production systems for the automobile industry, as well as owns publishing and insurance companies.[18]

Government

Stellantis has not received NOW support from the Dutch government. [19] Stellantis does not have Royal status.[20]

Shareholders

  • Exor (14.35%)
  • EPF (7.16%)
  • BPI (6.15%)
  • Amundi Asset Management(3.40%)
  • BlackRock Inc. (3.31%)
  • Dongfeng (3.17%)

Paris Agreement until Today

PSA

In 2016 PSA created a roadmap called the Push to Pass plan.[21] Through this plan the company outlined their vision for 2030: to be the most efficient car manufacturer and the preferred global supplier of mobility services.[22] This plan illustrates the company's decision to update various parts of the company such as the innovation processes, the production processes and its stakeholder communication.[23] This plan has helped PSA in shifting their customer's expectations. Furthermore, PSA states that this made them sustainable competitive.[24]

FCA

FCA used the SDGs to create targets for 2020 that covered priority areas for the company.[25] The majority of these targets were met in 2020. For example, one of FCA's commitments was to minimize environmental impacts from their products by reducing CO2 emissions and improving fuel economy. [26] Within this commitment FCA selected 5 different targets for 2020, all these targets were met. One of the targets was to achieve 40% reduction in CO2 emissions vs 2006 for mass-market cars sold in Europe, according to EU regulation requirements. [27] This target was met as the company reduced the CO2 emissions by 41%. their second target was to achieve at least 5% to 15% improvement in fuel economy for major renewals of FCA US vehicles compared with replaced vehicles. This target was met as powertrain and technology upgrades for existing products contributed to fuel economy improvements up to 15%. Their third target was to develop electric/hybrid technologies that are beneficial to society. This target was met as FCA released 7 new electrified models. Their 4th target was to maintain a wide offering of CNG models in Europe and promote technological innovation. This target was met as FCA was confined among leaders for natural gas vehicles in Europe with more than 780.000 natural gas vehicals sold since 1997. Lastly, FCA had a target to reduce CO2 emissions by 30% vs 2008 on the entire Maserati product range. This target was met as FCA reduced emissions by 30% vs the 2008 on the entire Maserati product range in the main three regulated markets (U.S., China, EU)

Financial Results since 2015

In 2021 revenue of Stellantis was 149.42 billion euros of which 14 billion euros was profit.[28]

Financial situation PSA
Year Revenue Profit Dividend
2015[29] 54.676 million EUR 1.202 million EUR XXX EUR
2016[30] 54.030 million EUR 2.149 million EUR XXX EUR
2017[31] 65.210 million EUR 2.358 million EUR XXX EUR
2018[32] 74.027 million EUR 3.295 million EUR XXX EUR
2019[33] 74.731 million EUR 3.584 million EUR XXX EUR
Financial situation FCA
Year Revenue Profit Dividend
2015[34] 110.595 million EUR 377 million EUR XXX EUR
2016[35] 111.018 million EUR 1.814 million EUR XXX EUR
2017[36] 110.934 million EUR 3.510 million EUR XXX EUR
2018[37] 110.412 million EUR 3.632 million EUR XXX EUR
2019[38] 108.187 million EUR 6.630 million EUR XXX EUR

Current Emissions

Stellantis

In the newest CSR report from Stellantis, no information on the amount of CO2 emission is given. Stellantis does provide a breakdown of the percentage per scope. In this, it is shown that the largest footprint comes from vehicles sold in scope 3 as it is 85%.

Total carbon footprint of vehicles sold by Stellantis in Europe [39]

PSA

Total emissions 1.558 Megatonnes of CO2 (2020)
Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 3
0.686689 Megatonnes of CO2 (2020) 0.200595 Megatonnes of CO2 (2020) 0.675060 Megatonnes of CO2 (2020)

Scope 1 and 2

GHG Emissions (tons of CO2)[40]
Type Scope 1 Scope 2 total emissions (Scope 1 + 2)
Automotive Division 676.835 192.745 869.580
Automotive Trade 9855 7850 17.705
Total 686.690 200.595 887.285


Scope 3

In 2019 scope 3 emissions from purchases of material and components were 4251 tons of CO2. [41] The emissions generated by business travel is divided by air travel and train transport. The CO2 emission for air travel was 5844,285 ton in 2020. [42] The CO2 emission for train transport was 51,043 tons of CO2 in 2020. The emissions from business travel in total was 5895,328 tons of CO2. [43] The GHG eq emissions for shipment and transport in 2020 was 470.242 tons of CO2 eq. for upstream transport and 194.672 CO2 eq for downstream transport.[44] This includes, road, air, rail, and sea travel. The total scope 3 emissions that were reported in the PSA CSR report is 675.060,328 tons of CO2 in 2020.

FCA

Total emissions 2.915 Megatonnes of CO2 (2020)
Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 3
0.877603 Megatonnes of CO2 (2020) 2.035614 Megatonnes of CO2 (2020) 0.001296 Megatonnes of CO2 (2020)


Scope 1

The direct emissions were 877,603 tons of CO2 in 2020.[45]

FCA reports direct CO2 emissions based on direct energy consumption with the aid of the IPCC 2006 conversion factors. The company reports indirect CO2 emissions according to the standards and guidelines outlined in the GHG Protocol.[46] FCA states that emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) other than CO2 have a negligible impact and are therefore not included. CO2 represents more than 99% of the Group’s total GHG emissions.[47]

Scope 2

The indirect emissions were 2,035,614 tons of CO2 in 2020.[48]

Indirect emissions were calculated using the market-based method.[49]


Scope 3

Indirect CO2 Emissions from Logistics Processes (Thousands of tons of CO2)[50]
Type 2020 2019 2018
Upstream 716 791 853
Downstream 521 641 678
Mopar 59 59 57
Total 1296 1491 1588
T&E's carmaker Ev readiness Index [51]

The emissions for both PSA and FCA are surprisingly low for automotive producers. This can be attributed mostly to the low reporting of the companies' scope 3 emissions. PSA reports for their scope 3 emissions purchased goods and services and business travel, these are only two of the 15 different sectors that are included in scope 3 emissions.[52] FCA only reports upstream and downstream emission from Logistics Processes in really low numbers. This leaves out a large portion of the CO2 emissions from both companies and therefore their emissions cannot be seen as complete.

Most of the emissions from PSA and FCA, and therefore also Stellantis fall under the use of products. As there is data lacking on this section of their emissions some calculations were done to get an estimate. According to an article posted by de correspondent, a petrol car produces around 50 tons of CO2 over its lifespan. [53] In 2020 Stellantis sold 6,2 million cars.[54] This means that in 2020 Stellantis produced 310 megatons of CO2. This shows just how much information is missing from the current annual reports, as they are not reporting on their largest section.

Climate Policy and Plans

Given its main sources of greenhouse gas emissions, Stellantis' climate plans are focused on three issues[55]:

1. Cutting CO2 vehicle emissions

2. Moving Forward into a carbon-efficient production system

3. Improving the environmental performance of the supply chain

For each of these issues, Stellantis has created a short-term, medium-term, and long-term commitment.

Climate Targets [56]
CRS Issue Strategic KPIs Short-Term Medium-Term Long-Term
CRS Issue #1 Percentage of nameplates with LEV offering (focus on U.S. and EU) 2025: EU(98%), U.S.(95%) 2030: EU(100%), U.S. (100%) 2038: EU(100%), U.S. (100%)
CRS Issue #1 Share of LEV in global sales mix (focus on U.S. and EU) 2025: EU 44% LEV inc. 34% BEV, U.S. 37% LEV incl. 14% BEV 2030: EU 100% BEV, U.S 50% BEV 2038: EU 100% BEV, U.S. 100% BEV
CRS Issue #2 Absolute scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions (tons of CO2-eq) 2025: -50% vs 2021 2030: -75% vs 2021 2038: Carbon Net Zero, with single digit % compensation of residual emissions vs 2021 level
CRS Issue #2 Share of decarbonized electricity used (%) 2025: 50% 2030: 100% 2038: 100%
CRS Issue #3 Share of Annual Purchased Value from suppliers with CO2 reduction targets compliant with the Paris Agreement 2025: 80% Annual Purchase Value from strategic (Level 1 and Level 2) suppliers 2030: 95% Annual Purchase Value from strategic (Level 1 and Level 2) suppliers 2038: Carbon Net-Zero of the supply chain with minimal compensation
CRS Issue #3 CO2 emissions of purchased parts 2025: Award business compliant with CO2 emission targets defined for each new EV project 2030: -40% of CO2 emissions of purchased parts per EV vs 2021 2038: Carbon Net-Zero of the supply chain with minimal compensation

To establish its targets, Stellantis referred to the Science-Based Targets initiative (SBTi) methodology.

Response to Milieudefensie's Campaign

New Climate Institute (NCI) Report

Due Diligence

Due Diligence

Scandals and controversies

In 2021 FCA was fined $30 million after the company pled guilty to federal criminal charges related to corruption.[57] As part of the punishment an independent monitor, Frances McLeod, will keep tabs on FCA for the next year, therefore also affecting Stellantis. FCA corrupted United Auto Workers (UAW) leaders by giving millions of dollars in gifts and cash. One of the attorneys on the case stated that "the sentencing of FCA marks a significant milestone in this historic case". [58]

An article posted by Transport & Environment showed that Stellantis ranks worst with low short-term battery electric vehicle sales. The article states that Stellantis together with other companies such as BMW, do not have ambitious phase-out targets and no clear industrial strategy.[59]

Conclusion

Stellantis has released its plans at the beginning of March, in which it is stated that the company aims to reduce CO2 emissions from scope 1 and 2 by 75% in 2030 and aims to be carbon net-zero by 2038 relating the whole value chain. One of the steps taken by Stellantis to reach these goals is to increase the sale of battery electric vehicles but as this is only stated to be to 50% in the U.S. As 81% of Stellantis' emissions is from cars sold a goal of selling 50% electric vehicle in the U.S. is not enough to create a large reduction in CO2 emissions. Futhermore, Stellantis aims to reduce their CO2 emissions by obliging their suppliers to on their way to climate neutrality, and in 2030 they commit to Carbon Net Zero of the supply chain with minimal compensation. Little is stated on exactly how Stellantis aims to do this. A clear overview of the company's climate impact is lacking as there is no data given on the amount of CO2 emissions.

References

  1. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/en/company/about-us
  2. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/investors/financial-reports/Stellantis_2020_12_31_Annual_Report.pdf P6
  3. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/en/search?q=
  4. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/investors/financial-reports/Stellantis_NV_2021_Annual_Report.pdf p29
  5. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/en/company/about-us
  6. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/investors/financial-reports/Stellantis_NV_2021_Annual_Report.pdf p12
  7. ↑ https://www.forbes.com/wheels/news/stellantis-fiat-chrysler-merges-with-psa-becoming-worlds-fourth-largest-automaker/
  8. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/en/company/governance/leadership
  9. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/investors/financial-reports/Stellantis_2020_12_31_Annual_Report.pdf P160
  10. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/en/company/governance/leadership
  11. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/investors/financial-reports/Stellantis_NV_2021_Annual_Report.pdf p163
  12. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/en/company/governance/leadership
  13. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/investors/financial-reports/Stellantis_NV_2021_Annual_Report.pdf p3
  14. ↑ Stellantis. (2022). Annual Report 2021. p. 384. Retrieved from https://www.stellantis.com/en/investors/reporting/financial-reports
  15. ↑ FCA. (2019). FCA N.V. Annual Report 2018. p. 314. Retrieved from  https://www.stellantis.com/en/fca-psa-archives/fca/financial-reports)
  16. ↑ FCA. (2020). FCA N.V. Annual Report 2019. p. 323. Retrieved from https://www.stellantis.com/en/fca-psa-archives/fca/financial-reports)
  17. ↑ https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/FCAU:AV
  18. ↑ https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/FCAU:AV
  19. ↑ https://www.uwv.nl/overuwv/Images/uwv-register-now-vijfde-aanvraagperiode.pdf
  20. ↑ https://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/onderwerpen/onderscheidingen/predicaat-koninklijk/overzicht-predicaat-koninklijk
  21. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/sustainability/csr-disclosure/psa/groupe_psa_2020_csr_report.pdf P9
  22. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/sustainability/csr-disclosure/psa/groupe_psa_2020_csr_report.pdf
  23. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/sustainability/csr-disclosure/psa/groupe_psa_2020_csr_report.pdf
  24. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/sustainability/csr-disclosure/psa/groupe_psa_2020_csr_report.pdf
  25. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/sustainability/csr-disclosure/fca/fca_2020_sustainability_report.pdf
  26. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/sustainability/csr-disclosure/fca/fca_2020_sustainability_report.pdf P24
  27. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/sustainability/csr-disclosure/fca/fca_2020_sustainability_report.pdf
  28. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/investors/financial-reports/Stellantis_NV_2021_Annual_Report.pdf
  29. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/archives/psa/financial-documents/2015/2015_annual_report_0.pdf
  30. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/archives/psa/financial-documents/2016/rapport-annuel-2016-VA.pdf
  31. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/archives/psa/financial-documents/2017/Annual-report-2017-version-def-VERSION2.pdf
  32. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/archives/psa/financial-documents/2018/Annual-results-Groupe-PSA-2018.pdf
  33. ↑ stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/archives/psa/financial-documents/2019/Groupe-PSA-Annual-report-2019-incl-auditors-report.pdf
  34. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/archives/fca/financial-reports/2015/FCA_2015_Annual_Report.pdf
  35. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/archives/fca/financial-reports/2016/FCA_2016_Annual_Report.pdf
  36. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/archives/fca/financial-reports/2017/FCA_NV_2017_Annual_Report.pdf
  37. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/archives/fca/financial-reports/2018/FCA_NV_2018_Annual_Report.pdf
  38. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/archives/fca/financial-reports/2019/FCA_NV_2019_Annual_Report.pdf
  39. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/sustainability/csr-disclosure/stellantis/2021/Stellantis_2021_CSR_Report.pdf
  40. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/sustainability/csr-disclosure/psa/groupe_psa_2020_csr_report.pdf P82
  41. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/sustainability/csr-disclosure/psa/groupe_psa_2020_csr_report.pdf P86
  42. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/sustainability/csr-disclosure/psa/groupe_psa_2020_csr_report.pdf P90
  43. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/sustainability/csr-disclosure/psa/groupe_psa_2020_csr_report.pdf P90
  44. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/sustainability/csr-disclosure/psa/groupe_psa_2020_csr_report.pdf P89
  45. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/sustainability/csr-disclosure/fca/fca_2020_sustainability_report.pdf P133
  46. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/sustainability/csr-disclosure/fca/fca_2020_sustainability_report.pdf P133
  47. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/sustainability/csr-disclosure/fca/fca_2020_sustainability_report.pdf P133
  48. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/sustainability/csr-disclosure/fca/fca_2020_sustainability_report.pdf P133
  49. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/sustainability/csr-disclosure/fca/fca_2020_sustainability_report.pdf P133
  50. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/sustainability/csr-disclosure/fca/fca_2020_sustainability_report.pdf p103
  51. ↑ https://www.transportenvironment.org/discover/volvo-and-vw-the-only-european-carmakers-on-track-to-electrify-on-time-study/
  52. ↑ https://ghgprotocol.org/sites/default/files/standards/Corporate-Value-Chain-Accounting-Reporing-Standard_041613_2.pdf
  53. ↑ https://decorrespondent.nl/6601/waarom-de-elektrische-auto-nu-al-groener-rijdt-maar-er-betere-argumenten-zijn-om-over-te-stappen/694075842075-4e3a4cf5
  54. ↑ https://fiatgroupworld.com/2021/02/14/stellantis-sold-6-2-million-vehicles-in-2020-dropping-two-positions-in-the-top-10-global-ranking/
  55. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/sustainability/csr-disclosure/stellantis/2021/Stellantis_2021_CSR_Report.pdf
  56. ↑ https://www.stellantis.com/content/dam/stellantis-corporate/sustainability/csr-disclosure/stellantis/2021/Stellantis_2021_CSR_Report.pdf p37
  57. ↑ https://www.wardsauto.com/industry-news/stellantis-unit-fca-fined-30-million-corruption-scandal
  58. ↑ https://www.wardsauto.com/industry-news/stellantis-unit-fca-fined-30-million-corruption-scandal
  59. ↑ https://www.transportenvironment.org/discover/volvo-and-vw-the-only-european-carmakers-on-track-to-electrify-on-time-study/
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